Connexin36 in gap junctions forming electrical synapses between motoneurons in sexually dimorphic motor nuclei in spinal cord of rat and mouse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pools of motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord innervate the sexually dimorphic perineal musculature, and are themselves sexually dimorphic, showing differences in number and size between male and female rodents. In two of these pools, the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN), dimorphic motoneurons are intermixed with non-dimorphic neurons innervating anal and external urethral sphincter muscles. As motoneurons in these nuclei are reportedly linked by gap junctions, we examined immunofluorescence labeling for the gap junction-forming protein connexin36 (Cx36) in male and female mice and rats. Fluorescent Cx36-labeled puncta occurred in distinctly greater amounts in the DMN and DLN of male rodents than in other spinal cord regions. These puncta were localized to motoneuron somata, proximal dendrites, and neuronal appositions, and were distributed either as isolated or large patches of puncta. In both rats and mice, Cx36-labeled puncta were associated with nearly all (> 94%) DMN and DLN motoneurons. The density of Cx36-labeled puncta increased dramatically from postnatal days 9 to 15, unlike the developmental decreases in these puncta observed in other central nervous system regions. In females, Cx36 labeling of puncta in the DLN was similar to that in males, but was sparse in the DMN. In enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-Cx36 transgenic mice, motoneurons in the DMN and DLN were intensely labeled for the EGFP reporter in males, but less so in females. The results indicate the presence of Cx36-containing gap junctions in the sexually dimorphic DMN and DLN of both male and female rodents, suggesting coupling of not only sexually dimorphic but also non-dimorphic motoneurons in these nuclei.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".