Modelling habitat associations of 14 species of holothurians from an unfished coral atoll: implications for fisheries management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Currently there is no commercial or subsistence fishing for holothurians on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and, despite a prominent government presence, no reported cases of poaching or illegal fishing. However, because of recent interest in developing a commercial fishery for holothurians there, a survey was initiated to provide baseline data on the previously unfished local holothurian populations. Fourteen species of holothurians were recorded during the survey, with the most abundant species being Holothuria atra; only 4 other species had relatively high abundances. A total of 20 556 holothurians were counted; however, 97% of these were considered to be of low commercial value. The high-and medium-value species found in this survey were all in extremely low abundances, with restricted distributions. The distribution and abundance of holothurians was closely linked with benthic habitats, with 48% of the variation in holothurian populations explained by 13 habitat variables. Several species displayed distinct habitat preferences: H. atra was associated with sand-dominated habitats, Actinopyga mauritiana was associated with relic reefs and soft corals, while Holothuria fuscopunctata and Stichopus herrmanni were both associated with reef flats. The densities recorded in the present study represent the natural abundance and distribution of holothurian populations at this atoll. Given the low numbers of commercially important species, it is highly unlikely that a commercial fishery would be economically viable at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and it would be more beneficial to maintain the natural holothurian population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".