Study of Immersion Tin Plating on Copper by Galvanic Couple Current Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immersion tin (I-Sn) coatings on copper were prepared in a stannous methanesulfonate bath with thiourea being the potential altering agent. The electrochemical displacement process was studied by the galvanic couple current method (GCCM) on an electrochemical workstation. The morphology of the I-Sn coatings were observed by field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The I-Sn process can be divided into three stages: (i) rapid increase in galvanic current, (ii) sudden decrease in galvanic current after a peak current, and (iii) low or residual galvanic current stages. It is demonstrated that the galvanic current method is a useful and efficient tool to identify the optimum ending time of the immersion plating process. This optimum immersion time results in a smooth and conformal deposit with a fine grain size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".