Two Years of Resistance Training in Older Men and Women: The Effects of Three Years of Detraining on the Retention of Dynamic Strength
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dynamic muscle strength (1-RM) and symptom-limited treadmill endurance were compared among three groups (5 M and 5 F per group) of older adults (mean age 72.5 yrs) who had either weight-trained continuously twice per week for 5 years (Tr), ceased to weight train after 2 years (Detr), or acted as controls throughout (Con). The Tr and Detr trained hard (progressing up to 3 sets at up to 80% of 1-RM) for 2 years; the Tr continued training for an additional 3 years at a maintenance level (2 to 3 sets at 60-70% 1-RM), whereas the Detr stopped training for those 3 years. The Con subjects did not train for the duration of the study but took part in identical testing procedures. After 2 years of resistance training, dynamic strength in the Tr and Detr groups increased significantly above baseline and Con values for all exercises, p < 0.0001. Following 3 years of maintenance level training, arm curl, leg press, and bench press 1-RM (sum of both limbs) in the Tr remained significantly above baseline values (21.6 kg = 17%; 15.7 kg = 82%; 8.3 kg = 34%, respectively). The 1-RM in Detr were 18.4 kg (14%), 5.3 kg (24%), and 1.4 kg (9%) above baseline for leg press, arm curl, and bench press after 5 years, whereas the Con declined over the 5-yr period by 18.4 kg (-9.7%), 4.4 kg (-19%), and 3.5 kg (-6%), respectively. There were nonsignificant improvements in treadmill performance in the Tr and Detr, and a decline in the Con after 2 years. Treadmill performance declined between Years 2 and 5 in all groups despite continued training (ns). We conclude that: (1) dynamic strength gains from 2 years of resistance training in older individuals are not entirely lost even after 3 years of detering; (2) these effects may be specific to the exercises performed in the training program; (3) adoption of maintenance-level moderate-intensity training significantly attenuates the decline in dynamic strength of previously trained muscles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".