Fluvial bedrock incision in the active mountain belt of Taiwan from <i>in situ</i>‐produced cosmogenic nuclides
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The concentration of cosmogenic nuclides in rocks exposed at the Earth's surface is proportional to the total duration of their exposure. This is the basis for bedrock surface exposure dating and has been used to constrain valley lowering rates in the Taroko gorge, eastern Central Range, Taiwan. Taroko gorge contains a uniquely complete geomorphic record of fluvial valley lowering: continuous, fluvially sculpted surfaces are present in the lower 200 m of this marble gorge. Assuming no post‐fluvial erosion of the gorge wall, the concentration of in situ ‐produced cosmogenic 36 Cl measured in gorge wall marbles reveals exposure ages from 0·2 ka in the active channel to 6·5 ka at 165 m above the present river. These ages imply an average fluvial incision rate of 26 ± 3 mm a −1 throughout the middle and late Holocene. Taking into account lateral gorge wall retreat after initial thalweg lowering would give rise to calculated older exposure ages. Without considering gorge wall retreat, our estimates therefore represent maximum incision rates. Estimated maximum Holocene incision rates are higher than the long‐term exhumation rates derived from fission track dating. The long‐term gorge development governed by tectonic uplift is superimposed by short‐term variations in incision rates caused by climatic or regional tectonic changes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it