Spontaneous potential and redox responses over a forest ring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Forest rings are large, circular features in boreal forests that commonly exceed 500m in diameter and are visible on aerial photographs. A detailed study of redox conditions and spontaneous potential (SP) was carried out over a forest ring that overlies an H2S(aq) accumulation. Studies included drilling, monitoring well installation, and downhole SP using both polarizing and nonpolarizing electrodes. Also measured were redox potential of groundwater and soils, concentrations of sulfur species in groundwater, and headspace concentrations of redox-sensitive gases in monitoring wells. The results show positive SP anomalies in the shallow subsurface and near-horizontal, negative-inward redox gradients in the water-saturated overburden at theedges of the ring. SP anomalies are spatially correlated with redox gradients, suggesting that the two are related. The SP anomalies may be produced in response to redox gradients as redox-active ions and polar molecules spontaneously align with the negative poles toward the oxidizing end of the gradient, i.e., toward their more electronegative neighbors. This orientation of dipoles imparts a macroscopic electrical polarity to the redox gradient and results in the observed positive electrical anomaly inside the forest ring. Ongoing oxidation reactions occurring around the periphery of the forest ring maintain strong HS− concentration gradients, which result in an outward steady-state diffusive flux of HS−. Electromigration of redox-active ions in the redox-induced electrical field may also contribute to maintenance of the redox gradient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".