Generalization of the Ludwig-3 definition for linear copolarization and cross polarization
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a generalization of Ludwig's (1973) third definition that introduces a /spl theta/-dependence that is absent from Ludwig's original definition. Our generalization is based on the nonconformal mapping between the electric field vector lying in the propagation plane (i.e., the probe aperture plane) and the projection of this vector onto the aperture plane (i.e., the AUT aperture plane). We show the error incurred by the two definitions for both the E-field and the H-field aperture models. Ludwig's definition incurs the same level of error for both models while our generalized definition incurs slightly more error for the H-field aperture model but no error for the E-field aperture model.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it