Cultural Differences in Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours of Canadian Consumers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The past few decades have been undoubtedly characterized by rapid globalization and increased concerns about environmental problems. This research investigates the influence of culture on pro‐environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of Canadian consumers. Results indicate that French‐Canadians, as opposed to their English counterparts, (a) are more knowledgeable and concerned about ecological issues, (b) perceive that it is important to behave in an environmentally friendly fashion, (c) believe that most corporations are acting responsibly toward the environment, and (d) consider environmental issues to a greater extent when making a purchase. However, English‐Canadians are more likely to recycle and are more willing to pay a premium price for ecologically compatible products. Cross‐cultural disparities were also found with respect to the classic “knowledge‐attitude‐behaviour” model. Implications for marketers and policy‐makers as well as opportunities for future research are discussed. Résumé Les dernières décennies furent caractérisées par une globalisation rapide des marchés et par une préoccupation grandissante de la part de la population face aux problèmes écologiques. Cette recherche examine les différences culturelles des Canadiens relativement à leurs connaissances, leurs attitudes et leurs comportements pro‐environnementaux. Les résultats indiquent que les Canadiens‐français, comparativement à leurs homologues Anglais, (a) sont plus informés et préoccupés par les problèmes écologiques, (b) perçoivent davantage qu'il est important de se comporter de façon à protéger l'environnement, (c) croient que les entreprises agissent de manière responsable face à l'environnement, et (d) considèrent davantage les répercussions écologiques lorsqu'ils effectuent un achat. Toutefois, les Canadiensanglais sont plus enclins à recycler et sont prêts à payer un prix plus élevé pour des produits compatibles avec l'environnement. Des différences culturelles ont également été observées relativement au modèle classique connaissance‐attitude‐comportement. Des recommandations stratégiques et des voies de recherche intéressantes sont proposées.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".