Is the obesity epidemic worsening the cardiovascular risk factor profile of children? Evidence from two Québec samples measured 10 years apart
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of the obesity epidemic on cardiovascular health in young people is of increasing concern. However, data on secular trends in CVD indicators are outdated and mixed. METHODS: This study compared lipid profiles and insulin of 9-10 year olds in 2008 (n = 605) and 1999 (n = 779). Data were drawn from two population-based samples of youth: the 1999 Québec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey and the 2008 Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. RESULTS: Mean body mass index (BMI) Z-scores were higher in 2008 than in 1999 in both boys (0.37 vs 0.12, p = 0.004) and girls (0.32 vs 0.05, p = 0.0004). After adjusting for maturity stage, height, BMI Z-score, age and household income, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.12 mmol/L (p < 0.05) and 0.10 mmol/L (p < 0.05) higher in 2008 than 1999 in boys and girls, respectively. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were not significantly different between 2008 and 1999. CONCLUSIONS: Despite higher BMI Z-scores in 2008, differences in cardiometabolic indicators between 1999 and 2008 were small and may not be clinically meaningful. Surveillance to closely monitor trends in cardiometabolic indicators in Canadian youth is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".