Expression of heat shock protein 70 in normal and cryptorchid human excurrent duct
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Hsp70 heat-shock proteins are molecular chaperones that assist other proteins in their folding, transport and assembly into complexes. Most of these proteins are either constitutively expressed or induced by heat shock and other stresses. Heat shock proteins are required for spermatogenesis, and also protect cells from environmental hazards such as heat, radiation, and chemicals. The abdominal position of the cryptorchid testis provokes a temperature elevation which is detrimental to spermatogenesis and causes infertility. The consequences of such a stress on Hsp70 expression were evaluated in normal and cryptorchid epididymides and vas deferens. Hsp70-1 transcript from reproductive organs of normal and cryptorchid men was analysed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, meanwhile Hsp70 protein was characterized by western blot and immunohistochemical staining analysis. Hsp70-1 mRNA and protein showed equal expression in all segments of normal epididymis and ductus deferens. Hsp70 was specific to basal cells in the epididymal epithelium. For cryptorchid patients, Hsp70-1 mRNA expression in caput epididymidis was unchanged compared with controls. However, in corpus and cauda epididymides as well as in vas deferens, the expression level of Hsp70-1 transcript was higher for the cryptorchid tissues. Changes in mRNA frequency were specifically correlated with the age of the patients. By opposition to the mRNA, western blot analysis revealed that Hsp70 protein levels were not affected by the inguinal location of the epididymis. The data show that Hsp70-1 transcript and protein were constitutively expressed in human excurrent duct and that an inguinal location can stimulate the expression of Hsp70-1 mRNA along the human epididymis and ductus deferens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".