Synthetic glycopeptide vaccines combining β-mannan and peptide epitopes induce protection against candidiasis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first fully synthetic glycopeptide vaccines against a fungal disease have been used to combat disseminated candidiasis in mice. Six T cell peptides found in Candida albicans cell wall proteins were selected by algorithm peptide epitope searches; each was synthesized and conjugated to the fungal cell wall beta-mannan trisaccharide [beta-(Man)(3)] by novel saccharide-peptide linker chemistry to create glycopeptide conjugates. The six proteins were selected because of expression during human candidiasis and cell wall association and included: fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba); methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate (Met6); hyphal wall protein-1 (Hwp1); enolase (Enol); glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gap1); and phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk1). By immunization protocols favoring production of protective antibody, the beta-(Man)(3)-Fba, beta-(Man)(3)-Met6 and beta-(Man)(3)-Hwp1 induced protection evidenced by survival and reduced kidney fungal burden, the beta-(Man)(3)-Eno1 and beta-(Man)(3)-Gap1 gave moderate protection, and the beta-(Man)(3)-Pgk1 slightly enhanced disease. For the beta-(Man)(3)-Fba conjugate, protection was uniquely acquired through immunity against the carbohydrate and the Fba peptide. This approach based on fully synthetic chemically defined immunogens should be generally useful in vaccine development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".