Software radio measurements of Earth atmosphere's refractive indices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An atmosphere imaging device is being constructed to investigate its ability to measure the Earth atmosphere's three-dimensional (3D) refractive indices for use to help monitor climate change. With the recent advancements of Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with clocks having timers of 10 second precision, a method to three-dimensionally and continuously measure the Earth Atmosphere's refractive indices has been devised. The method is based upon the synchronous measurement of the time taken for a radio wave to travel from the source via the ionosphere to arrive at receivers place at known positions from the radio wave source. This method will allow us to measure small phase shifts between the receivers providing information on the propagation of the radio wave through the Earth's atmosphere, which is a function of the refractive indices within its multiple layers. Testing will help determine the full extent of the device's applicability. Although this device will measure locally, its placement at numerous locations could be used to help monitor the Earth's atmosphere over a large region and possibly globally, connected using current radio technology, enhancing our understanding of the magnitude and patterns of Earth's climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".