Maternal tamoxifen treatment alters oocyte differentiation in the neonatal mice: Inhibition of oocyte development and decreased folliculogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: Primary germ cells after migration to the developing ovary differentiate to oogonia and oocytes. The formation and number of primordial follicles in early fetal life are determining factors in the fertility state of adult life. Tamoxifen is used both to stimulate ovulation and as an anticancer drug. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on oocyte and follicular development and differentiation in mice. METHODS: Thirty adult female and 15 adult male mice were used in the present study. The female mice were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Two female mice at their sterous cycle were placed with one male mouse in a cage for mating. The observation of a vaginal plug was considered the 1st day of pregnancy. On the 13th day of pregnancy the mice received 100 microg tamoxifen by i.p. injection. At the end of pregnancy 2-, 3-, 6- and 7-day-old newborns were killed and their ovaries were fixed and prepared for light and electron microscopic studies. The number of follicular nests and diameter of primordial and primary follicles were determined using Motic software (Motic Incorporation Ltd, Canada) and compared with control values using t-test. RESULTS: Microscopy and morphometry showed that oocyte nests are formed on the 2nd and 3rd days and follicles are distinguished on the 6th and 7th days. Morphometric studies revealed that the number and diameters of oocyte nests were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, the numbers and diameters of primordial and primary follicles in experiential and controls were not significantly different. Electron microscopic studies revealed that in the control group, oocytes were separated from each other and were at primordial follicle stage. However, in the experimental group, the oocytes were in clusters as oocyte nests. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that tamoxifen suppresses follicular differentiation at early stages but does not affect the development of already differentiated follicles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".