Bacterial–protozoal interactions in a microbial community of rumen ciliate<i>Entodinium caudatum</i>culture under mercury stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the role of rumen ciliates, using Entodinium caudatum as a model organism, in the detoxification of soluble mercury(II) in vitro under conditions with enhanced or reduced diversity of a co-culture bacterial population as well as the effects of long-term mercury(II) stress on in vitro fermentation parameters and major mercury detoxification products. The E. caudatum growth depended on the capability of the co-culture bacterial population to develop resistance to mercury(II) chloride and on culture conditions. The production of fermentation gas was reduced (P < 0.01) in contrast to methane production. Proportions of volatile fatty acids were affected; however, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids was not influenced. No organic mercury species were detected after long-term application (>1 month) of mercury(II) chloride. The major mercury species was inorganic mercury(II) with substantial accumulation in the bacterial fraction (70%) and less in black sediment (21%) and ciliate fraction (9%) at the 25 micromol/L mercury(II) dose. The data indicate that free-living bacteria protect the ciliate cells by transforming mercury(II) into its insoluble forms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".