Effect of cold acclimation on troponin I isoform expression in striated muscle of rainbow trout
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In vertebrates each of the three striated muscle types (fast skeletal, slow skeletal, and cardiac) contain distinct isoforms of a number of different contractile proteins including troponin I (TnI). The functional characteristics of these proteins have a significant influence on muscle function and contractility. The purpose of this study was to characterize which TnI gene and protein isoforms are expressed in the different muscle types of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to determine whether isoform expression changes in response to cold acclimation (4°C). Semiquantitative real-time PCR was used to characterize the expression of seven different TnI genes. The sequence of these genes, cloned from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout, were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information databases. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the TnI protein isoforms expressed in each muscle type. Interestingly, the results indicate that each muscle type expresses the gene transcripts of up to seven TnI isoforms. There are significant differences, however, in the expression pattern of these genes between muscle types. In addition, cold acclimation was found to increase the expression of specific gene transcripts in each muscle type. The proteomics analysis demonstrates that fast skeletal and cardiac muscle contain three TnI isoforms, whereas slow skeletal muscle contains four. No other vertebrate muscle to date has been found to express as many TnI protein isoforms. Overall this study underscores the complex molecular composition of teleost striated muscle and suggests there is an adaptive value to the unique TnI profiles of each muscle type.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".