Ground‐Motion Prediction Equations for the Average Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, and 5%‐Damped PSA at Spectral Periods between 0.01 <i>s</i> and 10.0 <i>s</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper contains ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for average horizontal‐component ground motions as a function of earthquake magnitude, distance from source to site, local average shear‐wave velocity, and fault type. Our equations are for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and 5%‐damped pseudo‐absolute‐acceleration spectra (PSA) at periods between 0.01 s and 10 s . They were derived by empirical regression of an extensive strong‐motion database compiled by the “PEER NGA” (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Next Generation Attenuation) project. For periods less than 1 s , the analysis used 1,574 records from 58 mainshocks in the distance range from 0 km to 400 km (the number of available data decreased as period increased). The primary predictor variables are moment magnitude ( M ), closest horizontal distance to the surface projection of the fault plane ( R JB ), and the time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity from the surface to 30 m ( V S30 ). The equations are applicable for M =5–8, R JB <200 km , and V S30 =180–1300 m/s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".