Adaptive detection of action potentials using ultra low-power CMOS circuits
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present ultra low-power CMOS analog circuits for automatic detection of action potentials (APs). The proposed detection strategy locates AP waveforms and completely preserves their integrity. An adaptive threshold is implemented using a local time-averaging filter presenting a large time constant. The filter uses very small transconductances implemented by means of dedicated circuit techniques and subthreshold operation of MOS transistors. Also, a compact voltage squarer pre-processor is introduced to emphasize neural APs prior to detection. The proposed circuits were implemented in a CMOS 0.18-mum process and achieve ultra low-power consumption. Both circuits have been validated in simulations with synthetic neural waveforms. The adaptive threshold circuit dissipates only 27.2 nW, whereas the voltage squarer dissipates 76.7 nW.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it