Determination of Natural Radionuclides Concentrations in Surface Soil in Tafila/Jordan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A first comprehensive study is presented on natural radionuclide activity concentrations in surface soils in different divisions of Tafila city. The natural radioactivity of 238U, 232Th and 40K is determined using gamma spectroscopy. The soil activity concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 76.4 Bq kg?1 for 238U, 6.3 to 85.5 Bq kg?1 for 232Th, and 84 to 516.7 Bq kg?1 for 40K. The activity concentrations of the radionuclide in soils are directly relevant to outdoor exposure. Absorbed dose rates in air outdoors were calculated to be in the range of 22.28 – 62.71 nGy h?1 with an overall average value of 40.12 nGy h?1. The study showed an annual effective dose equivalent in the range of 27.34 – 76.96 µSv y?1. A comparison of the measured values with the corresponding worldwide average values shows that the activities of natural radionuclides in the studied samples are below the world average activity values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".