Role of PVA Flakes in Promoting Self-Degradation of Sodium Metasilicate-Activated Cement under a Hydrothermal Environment at ≥150°C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the effect of flakes of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the self-degradation of sodium metasilicate (SMS)-activated slag/Class C fly ash cement, which is used as temporary sealer for fractures in Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) wells under a hydrothermal environment at ³150°C and at pressure of 1000 psi. The reactions between PVA and SMS dissolved in an aqueous medium at 85°C led to the formation of a colloidal hydroxylated silicate-cross-linked PVA gel in the cement body. This gel-incorporated cement had a compressive strength >2000 psi, so ensuring that it adequately plugs the fractures. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature to ³150°C triggered the transformation of the gel into a sol. This in-situ gel®sol phase transition played a pivotal role in promoting the cement’s self-degradation because of the extensive spreading of sol in the cement body, and its leaching from the cement. In contrast, when gel was dry heated at ³150°C, the gel®xerogel phase transformation engendered the molecular fragmentation of PVA. This fragmentation yielded polysilicate cross-linked PVA derived from the combination of extended-chain scission, carboxylation and condensation, so that it no longer served as a self-degrading promoter of cement..
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".