Experimental and numerical studies of the hydromechanical behaviour of a natural unsaturated swelling soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents experimental studies performed on a natural swelling soil. Initially, the soil fabric was studied by a mercury porosimetry test, revealing a clear bimodal pore distribution that corresponds to micro- and macrostructural levels. The water-retention curve of the soil was then determined using two suction-imposition techniques: the osmotic and the vapour equilibrium methods. During the main testing program, three successive wetting and drying cycles were applied in a suction range between 0 and 2 MPa under different values of constant vertical net stress using osmotic oedometers. The test samples showed cumulative swelling strains during the cycles. The volumetric strains reached an equilibrium stage, indicating an elastic behaviour of the samples at the end of the suction cycles. Based on these results, the parameters of an elastoplastic model for swelling unsaturated soils (BExM) were derived. This model, implemented in a finite element code (Code_Bright), was applied to a practical problem of a shallow foundation based on a swelling soil. This application studies the effects of hydraulic solicitations on settlements of this foundation. The results show the capacity of the model to solve complex hydromechanically coupled problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".