Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidant for Microfluidic Fuel Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate a microfluidic fuel cell incorporating hydrogen peroxide oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide is available at high concentrations, is highly soluble and exhibits a high standard reduction potential. It also enables fuel cell operation where natural convection of air is limited or anaerobic conditions prevail, as in submersible and space applications. As fuel cell performance critically depends on both electrode and channel architecture, several different prototype cells are developed and results are compared. High-surface area electrodeposited platinum and palladium electrodes are evaluated both ex situ and in situ for the combination of direct reduction and oxygen reduction via the decomposition reaction. Oxygen gas bubbles produced at the fuel cell cathode introduce an unsteady two-phase flow component that, if not controlled, can perturb the co-laminar flow interface and reduce fuel cell performance. A grooved channel design is developed here that restricts gas bubble growth and transport to the vicinity of the cathodic active sites, enhancing the rate of oxygen reduction, and limiting crossover effects. The proof-of-concept microfluidic fuel cell produced power densities up to and a maximum current density of , when operated on oxidant together with formic acid-based fuel at room temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".