Phase behaviours and conductivity study of water/CPC/alkan-1-ol (C<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>5</sub>)/1-hexane water/oil microemulsions with reference to their structure and related thermodynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The microemulsion forming systems of water/cetylpyridinium chloride/butan-1-ol/n-hexane, and water/cetylpyridinium chloride/pentan-1-ol/n-hexane have been studied with respect to their phase behaviours and percolation of conductance to derive information on their droplet physicochemical characteristics (dimension, interfacial area and composition, and number density). This was carried out at different water contents at specific ratios of surfactant and cosurfactant and at various temperatures. From the information collected, the energetics of the transfer of the alkanol (butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol) from the continuous oil-phase to the interfacial region (the interphase) have been estimated. At the conductance percolation threshold, the droplets cluster or associate, can be considered to form a pseudophase similar to surfactants forming micelles. Based on this concept, the energetics of the clustering process have been evaluated, and the results are discussed in comparison with other recently studied systems.Key words: energetics of clustering, percolation, phase diagrams, microemulsions and thermodynamics of transfer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".