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Characterization of the LIGO detectors during their sixth science run
J. Aasi, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, C. Adams, T. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, E. Amador Ceron, D. Amariutei, R. A. Anderson, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, S. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, Larry Austin, B. E. Aylott, S. Babak, P. T. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, D. Barker, S. H. Barnum, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, J. Bauchrowitz, Th. S. Bauer, M. Bebronne, B. Behnke, M. Bejger, M. G. Beker, A. S. Bell, C. Bell, Ilya Belopolski, G. Bergmann, J. M. Berliner, A. Bertolini, D. Bessis, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, T. Bhadbhade, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, J. Birch, M. Bitossi, M. A. Bizouard, E. Black, J. K. Blackburn, Lindy Blackburn, D. G. Blair, M. Blom, O. Bock, T. P. Bodiya, M. Boër, C. Bogan, C. Bond, F. Bondu, L. Bonelli, R. Bonnand, R. Bork, M. Born, S. Bose, L. Bosi, J. Bowers, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, Carl Brannen, J. E. Brau, J. Breyer, T. Briant, D. O. Bridges, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, M. Britzger, A. F. Brooks, D. Brown, Frank Brückner, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. Calderón Bustillo, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, P. Campsie, K. C. Cannon, B. Canuel, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, F. Carbognani, L. Carbone, S. Caride, A. Castiglia, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. Cepeda, E. Cesarini, R. Chakraborty, T. Chalermsongsak, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande‐Mottin, X Chen, Y Chen, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, H. S. Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, S. Chua, S. Chung, G. Ciani, F. Clara, Daniel E. Clark, J. A. Clark, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, P.‐F. Cohadon, A. Colla, M. Colombini, M. Constancio, A. Conte, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. R. Corbitt, M. Cordier, Neil J. Cornish, A. Corsi, C. A. Costa, M. W. Coughlin, J.‐P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, K. Craig, J. D. E. Creighton, S. G. Crowder, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, K. Dahl, T. Dal Canton, M. Damjanic, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, V. Dattilo, B. Daudert, H. Daveloza, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, E. J. Daw, R. Day, T. Dayanga, G. Debreczeni, J. Degallaix, E. Deleeuw, S. Deléglise, W. Del Pozzo, T. Denker, T. Dent, H. Dereli, V. Dergachev, R. De Rosa, R. T. DeRosa, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, Mariniako Az, A. Dietz, L. Di Fiore, A. Di Lieto, I. Di Palma, A. Di Virgilio, K. Dmitry, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, J.‐C. Dumas, S. E. Dwyer, T. Eberle, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, G. Endrőczi, R. C. Essick, T. Etzel, K. Evans, M. Evans, T. Evans, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, S. 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M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, I. W. Harry, E. D. Harstad, M. T. Hartman, K. Haughian, K. Hayama, J. Heefner, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, A. W. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, S. Hild, D. Hoak, K. A. Hodge, K. Holt, S. Hooper, Travis Horrom, D. J. Hosken, J. Hough, E. J. Howell, Yi-Ming Hu, Ziyue Hua, V. Huang, E. A. Huerta, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, M. Huynh, T. Huynh–Dinh, Joseph Iafrate, D. R. Ingram, R. Inta, T. Isogai, A. Ivanov, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, M. Jacobson, E. James, H. Jang, Y. J. Jang, P. Jaranowski, W. W. Johnson, David Jones, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, K. Haris, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, M. Kasprzack, Rangachar Kasturi, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, H. Kaufer, K. Kaufman, K. Kawabe, Seiji Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, D. B. Kelley, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, A. Khalaidovski, F. Y. Khalili, Е. А. Хазанов, B. K. Kim, C Kim, K. Kim, N Kim, W Kim, E. J. King, Peter King, D. L. Kinzel, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, J. Kline, S. M. Koehlenbeck, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, S. Koranda, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, A. Kremin, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, C. Kucharczyk, Stephen S. Kudla, A. Kumar, Deepak Kumar, P. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kurdyumov, P. Kwee, M. Landry, B. Lantz, Shane L. Larson, P. D. Lasky, Craig Lawrie, A. Lazzarini, P. Leaci, E. O. Lebigot, Chang‐Hwan Lee, H. K. Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, M. Leonardi, J. R. Leong, A. Le Roux, N. Leroy, N Letendre, Bruce L. Levine, J. B. Lewis, T G F Li, A. C. Lin, T. B. Littenberg, V. Litvine, F Liu, H Liu, Y. Liu, Zhe Liu, David Lloyd, N. A. Lockerbie, Veronica Lockett-Ruiz, D. Lodhia, K. M. Loew, J. Logue, A. L. Lombardi, M. Lorenzini, Vincent Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, Jing Luan, M. J. Lubinski, H. Lück, A. P. Lundgren, J. Macarthur, E. Macdonald, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, F. Magaña‐Sandoval, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, V. Malvezzi, N. Man, G. M. Manca, Ilya Mandel, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, A.S. Markosyan, E. Maros, J Marque, F Martelli, L Martellini, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, Д. В. Мартынов, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, F. Matichard, L. Matone, R. A. Matzner, N. Mavalvala, G. May, N. Mazumder, G. Mazzolo, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S C McGuire, G McIntyre, J. McIver, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, J. Meidam, T. Meier, A. Melatos, G Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, M. S. Meyer, H. Miao, C. Michel, Е. Е. Михайлов, L. Milano, J. Miller, Y. Minenkov, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R Mittleman, B. Moe, Man Mohan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, F. Mokler, D Moraru, G Moreno, N. Morgado, Toshiyuki Mori, S. R. Morriss, K. Mossavi, B. Mours, C. M. Mow–Lowry, C. Mueller, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, A. Mullavey, J. Münch, D. Murphy, P. G. Murray, A Mytidis, M. F. Nagy, I Nardecchia, T. Nash, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, V. Necula, I. Neri, G. Newton, T. Nguyen, E. Nishida, A. Nishizawa, A. Nitz, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, M. E. N. Normandin, L. K. Nuttall, E. Ochsner, G. Oganesyan, E Oelker, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, P. Oppermann, B. O’Reilly, W. Ortega Larcher, R. O’Shaughnessy, C. Osthelder, C. D. Ott, D. J. Ottaway, R. S. Ottens, J. Ou, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. Pai, C. Palomba, Y. Pan, C. Pankow, F. Paoletti, R. Paoletti, M. A. Papa, H. Paris, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Pedraza, P. Peiris, S. Penn, A. Perreca, M Phelps, M Pichot, M. Pickenpack, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, L. Pinard, B. Pindor, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, J. Poeld, R. Poggiani, Violet M. Poole, C. Poux, V Predoi, T. Prestegard, L. R. Price, M. Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, V. Quetschke, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, István Rácz, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, S. Raja, G Rajalakshmi, M. Rakhmanov, C. Ramet, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, V. Re, C. M. Reed, T. Reed, T. Regimbau, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, R. Riesen, K. Riles, N. A. Robertson, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Roddy, Carl L. Rodriguez, M. Rodruck, Christian Roever, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, R. Romano, G Romanov, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, F. Salemi, L. Sammut, V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, V. Sannibale, I. Santiago-Prieto, E. Saracco, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, R. L. Savage, R. Schilling, Roman Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, B. Schulz, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, A. Sergeev, D. A. Shaddock, S. Shah, M. S. Shahriar, M. Shaltev, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, T. L. Sidery, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, D. Simakov, A. Singer, L. Singer, A. M. Sintes, G. Skelton, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre, K. Soden, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, T Souradeep, L. Sperandio, A Staley, E. Steinert, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, S. Steplewski, Daniel J. Stevens, A. Stochino, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, S. Strigin, A. Stroeer, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, S. Susmithan, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, G. Szeifert, M. Tacca, D. Talukder, L. Tang, D. B. Tanner, S. P. Tarabrin, Richard W. Taylor, A. P. M. ter Braack, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, M. Thomas, P Thomas, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, E. Thrane, V. Tiwari, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Tomlinson, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, O. Torre, C. Torres, C. I. Torrie, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Tse, D Ugolini, G. Vajente, M. Vallisneri, J. F. J. van den Brand, S. van der Putten, Marc van der Sluys, J. V. van Heijningen, A. A. van Veggel, S Vass, M. Vasúth, R. Vaulin, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, D. Verkindt, S. Verma, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, R. Vincent-Finley, J-Y Vinet, S. Vitale, B. Vlček, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C Vorvick, W D Vousden, D. Vrinceanu, S. P. Vyachanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, S. J. Waldman, M. Walker, L. Wallace, J Wang, M. Wang, Xihong Wang, A. Wanner, R. L. Ward, M. Wąs, B. Weaver, L-W Wei, M. Weinert, Allan J. Weinstein, R Weiss, T. Welborn, L. Wen, P. Weßels, Matthew J. West, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, D. J. White, B. F. Whiting, Suryo Anggoro Kusumo Wibowo, K. Wiesner, C. Wilkinson, L. Williams, R. Williams, T. Williams, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, L. Winkelmann, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Worden, J. Yablon, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, Huan Yang, D. Yeaton-Massey, S. Yoshida, H. Yum, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, J-P Zendri, F Zhang, L. Zhang, C. Zhao, H. Zhu, X. J. Zhu, N. Zotov, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig
Bibliographic record
VenueClassical and Quantum Gravity · 2015
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsCanadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsPerimeter InstituteUniversity of Toronto
FundersDivision of PhysicsMinistero dello Sviluppo EconomicoAustralian Research CouncilNational Research Foundation of KoreaMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIndustry CanadaGovern de les Illes BalearsFundacja na rzecz Nauki PolskiejNational Science FoundationRoyal SocietyScottish Funding CouncilScottish Universities Physics AllianceIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareDavid and Lucile Packard FoundationHungarian Scientific Research FundLeverhulme TrustNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaScience and Technology Facilities CouncilNational Research FoundationAlfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
KeywordsLIGOPhysicsGravitational waveInterferometryDetectorNoise (video)AstronomyAstrophysicsSensitivity (control systems)Gravitational-wave astronomyOpticsElectronic engineeringComputer science
Abstract
In 2009-2010, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) operated together with international partners Virgo and GEO600 as a network to search for gravitational waves (GWs) of astrophysical origin. The sensitivity of these detectors was limited by a combination of noise sources inherent to the instrumental design and its environment, often localized in time or frequency, that couple into the GW readout. Here we review the performance of the LIGO instruments during this epoch, the work done to characterize the detectors and their data, and the effect that transient and continuous noise artefacts have on the sensitivity of LIGO to a variety of astrophysical sources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.028
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.289
Teacher spread0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations1,317
Published2015
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes