La structure d’endettement des PME françaises: une étude sur données de panel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cette contribution présente les résultats de tests d’hypothèses relatifs aux théories financières de la structure d’endettement des entreprises mettant l’accent sur la fiscalité et le risque de défaut ainsi que les coûts d’agence et l’asymétrie d’information. Nous testons, par le biais d’un modèle économétrique dynamique, une grille d’hypothèses basée sur la prise en compte de ces imperfections du marché du financement. L’échantillon considéré se compose de 2 880 PME françaises observées durant la période 1993-2000. Nos résultats révèlent que les niveaux d’endettement, liés positivement aux variables de tangibilité des actifs et de croissance et négativement à la rentabilité, varient sensiblement en fonction de la taille des firmes. Ainsi, le seuil de 20 salariés apparaît comme stratégique dans l’étude des comportements financiers des petites et moyennes entreprises françaises.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".