<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility of the Yeast Pathogen <i>Cryptococcus</i> to Fluconazole and Other Azoles Varies with Molecular Genotype
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is primarily caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. These two pathogenic species each divide into four distinct molecular genotypes. In this study, we examined whether genotype influenced susceptibility to antifungal drugs used to treat cryptococcosis using the broth microdilution method described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. C. gattii isolates belonging to molecular genotype VGII had significantly higher MIC values for flucytosine and all azole antifungal agents tested, particularly fluconazole, than isolates of other C. gattii genotypes. In an extended analysis of fluconazole susceptibility, VGII isolates from the north and west of Australia required higher drug levels for inhibition than those from Vancouver Island, Canada. Within C. neoformans, genotype VNII had significantly lower geometric mean MICs for fluconazole than genotype VNI. These results indicate that cryptococcal species, molecular genotype, and region of origin may be important when deciding treatment options for cryptococcosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".