Influence of moderate phosphate addition on nitrogen retention in an acidic boreal lake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizer was added to a small, acidic lake in southernmost Norway to test the potential of this technique to increase the retention of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and thereby mitigate the effects of elevated leaching of atmospherically derived N. The experiment was conducted over 4 years (1 pretreatment year followed by 3 years with weekly P additions during the growing season). To avoid any undesirable eutrophication effects, the total P concentration was increased from 45 µg P·L1 to a moderate level of 1012 µg P·L1. Compared with the pretreatment year, the P additions increased the average TIN retention in the experimental lake by nearly 70% (from 53 to 88 mmol·m2·year1) during three growing seasons. However, when considering that the reference lake experienced a 55% decrease in TIN retention during the same period, the increase might have been even larger. This underlines the role of P (both natural and anthropogenic) as an important regulator of N retention in upland lake districts that in large parts of southernmost Norway contribute significantly to the N loading on coastal marine areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".