General Correlation for the Effect of Non-Darcy Flow on Productivity of Fractured Wells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The paper describes a systematic study of the effect of the turbulence on productivity (or injectivity) of fractured wells. It extends significantly beyond previous work, and shows its limitations. A new correlation has been developed, based on over 2,000 high-accuracy numerical solutions for vertically fractured well for a simple geometry. The base correlation was developed for fully penetrating fracture and it is applicable to liquid and high-pressure gas systems. The general correlation for fully penetrating fracture is a function of the two dimensionless parameters and two other parameters, which can be chosen as fracture conductivity and permeability. Additional results are provided for the effect of partial perforations on a fully penetrating fracture. As a limiting case, this scenario can represent also transversely fractured horizontal well. The final correlation therefore involves 5 variables. The results show that the conventional notion that turbulence is important only in high rate gas wells is often false. Turbulence effect on productivity or injectivity can be significant for liquid flow in high permeability formations, with limited perforations and especially in transversely fractured horizontal wells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".