Remote Point-of-Gaze Estimation with Free Head Movements Requiring a Single-Point Calibration
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes a method for remote, non-contact point-of-gaze (POG) estimation that tolerates free head movements and requires a simple calibration procedure in which the subject has to fixate only on a single point. This method uses the centers of the pupil and at least two corneal reflections (virtual images of light sources) that are estimated from eye images captured by at least two cameras. Experimental results obtained with a prototype system that tolerates head movements in a volume of about 1 dm3, exhibited RMS POG estimation errors of approximately 0.6-1 degrees of visual angle. This system can enable applications with infants that, otherwise, would not be possible with existing POG estimation methods, which typically require multiple-point calibration procedures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it