The basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum
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A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame — the usual design — would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Abstract
The basal ganglia and cerebellum are major subcortical structures that influence not only movement, but putatively also cognition and affect. Both structures receive input from and send output to the cerebral cortex. Thus, the basal ganglia and cerebellum form multisynaptic loops with the cerebral cortex. Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops have been assumed to be anatomically separate and to perform distinct functional operations. We investigated whether there is any direct route for basal ganglia output to influence cerebellar function that is independent of the cerebral cortex. We injected rabies virus (RV) into selected regions of the cerebellar cortex in cebus monkeys and used retrograde transneuronal transport of the virus to determine the origin of multisynaptic inputs to the injection sites. We found that the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia has a substantial disynaptic projection to the cerebellar cortex. This pathway provides a means for both normal and abnormal signals from the basal ganglia to influence cerebellar function. We previously showed that the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum has a disynaptic projection to an input stage of basal ganglia processing, the striatum. Taken together these results provide the anatomical substrate for substantial two-way communication between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Thus, the two subcortical structures may be linked together to form an integrated functional network.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Topic
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNational Institutes of HealthThomas Jefferson UniversityNational Center for Research ResourcesNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institute of Mental HealthOffice of Research and DevelopmentU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Keywords
- Basal gangliaCerebellumNeuroscienceStriatumBiologyCerebral cortexCortex (anatomy)Subthalamic nucleusDentate nucleusDeep cerebellar nucleiCerebellar cortexAnatomyCentral nervous systemParkinson's diseaseDeep brain stimulationDopaminePathologyMedicine
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes