Modeling of the cyclic thermomechanical response of SMA wires at different strain rates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A one-dimensional coupled thermomechanical model is presented for shape memory alloys (SMAs) under non quasi-static loading by defining a Helmholtz free-energy function consisting of strain energy, thermal energy, and the energy of phase transformation. The first law of thermodynamics is used to address the thermomechanical coupling due to the influence of strain rate on the SMA temperature. The convective heat transfer coefficient of an SMA wire is calculated by using temperature-dependent empirical relations, and it is shown that no single empirical formula for the heat transfer coefficient can be applied to obtain experimentally consistent results under different loading conditions. The martensite fraction is decomposed into stress-induced and temperature-induced fractions so that the model is capable of predicting both the shape memory effect and the pseudoelasticity. Cyclic loading, the effect of wire diameter and the variation of dissipated energy with strain rate are studied, and the general features of the responses are found to be in agreement with the experimental observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".