Combined heat and mass transfer of third‐grade nanofluids over a convectively‐heated stretching permeable surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The buoyancy‐induced flows of third‐grade nanofluids are investigated along a vertical permeable stretching sheet, and a numerical solution is obtained for the combined heat and mass transfer during convective cooling of the stretching sheet, subject to partial slip and convective solutal boundary conditions. The Cauchy stress tensor for the fluids of grade three and Buongiorno model for the nanofluids are used in the governing equations. The model is capable of investigating the flow, heat, and mass characteristics of third‐grade nanofluids along the stretching sheet. The partial differential equations are converted into ordinary nonlinear differential equations and are solved using a second‐order numerical technique which includes a finite difference scheme and shooting method. The effects of the buoyancy, third‐grade, viscoelastic, partial slip, convective heat and mass transfer, and nanofluid parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and heat and mass transfer rates are reported. The present results of skin friction and heat and mass transfer rates are compared with published data, and are found to be in close agreement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".