Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Fe-Based Electrocatalysts Made with High Surface Area Activated Carbon Supports
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells were prepared by impregnating four high surface area activated carbons (ACs), namely, Ax-21, CNS-201, IRH-33, and IRH-40, with 0.2 wt % nominal Fe as ferrous acetate, and then by pyrolyzing them for various times in at . Among the catalysts made with as-received ACs, high activity was only obtained for those made with Ax-21, which is the only AC having mainly carboxylate surface groups. In the aerated aqueous solution of iron(II) acetate used for Fe impregnation, these surface functionalities ligated with free ions and subsequently yielded active sites upon pyrolysis in . It is, nonetheless, possible to obtain high activities using other ACs provided that they are first treated in concentrated to generate carboxylic functionalities at their surface. It is believed that Fe/N/C-type catalytic sites are hosted in AC micropores. Fuel cell tests performed with the best catalyst from each AC series show very similar polarization curves with an initial mass activity at 0.8 V ranging from 11 to .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".