Psychological stress induces eosinophils to produce corticotrophin releasing hormone in the intestine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Psychological stress plays an important role in an array of intestinal disorders. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) is involved in the pathogenic process induced by psychological stress. The peripheral sources of CRH remain to be further understood. This paper aims to identify the sources of CRH in the intestine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mice were treated with chronic restraint stress. A double-labelling approach was taken to localise CRH expression in immune cells (including dendritic cells, mast cells, lymphocytes, enterochromaffin cells and eosinophils) in the intestine by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. As CRH was identified in eosinophils, a cell line of eosinophil, EoL-1 cells were treated with an array of putative stress mediators. The results showed that substance P (SP) induced the expression/release of CRH in eosinophils via neurokinin receptor 1 and 2. Co-culturing SP-primed eosinophils with the mast cell line, HMC-1 cells, we found that HMC-1 cells were activated by eosinophil-derived CRH that further induced T84 monolayer barrier dysfunction, which was further confirmed by a mouse model study. CONCLUSION: Eosinophils express CRH in the jejunum in response to psychological stress. SP and its receptors mediate the effect of stress in the CRH expression in eosinophils. Eosinophil-derived CRH activates mast cells to induce the jejunum epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".