Control of Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) with the Parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Vineyards
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The control of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) has been mostly done with chemical insecticides and some selected natural enemies. However, these control methods are not popular because of the adverse effects of chemical controls and the unreliability of some natural enemies ( Spalangia sp. and Pachycrepoideus sp.: Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The generalist parasitoid, Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), has been used successfully for biological control of the house fly [ Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)] pupae in poultry houses. Our study investigated the use of this parasitoid to control C. capitata in a vineyard. Parasitoids were released at rate of 5, 10, and 20 per m 2 in a vineyard and in laboratory cages to parasitize pupae of C. capitata and M. domestica , respectively, for 2 days. The number of killed pupae of both host pests increased with the number of released parasitoids in the field. The highest rate of 20 released M. raptor resulted in 23.52% (±0.30 se ) killed pupae, respectively, for house fly and fruit fly. M. raptor parasitized indiscriminately host species of pupae and the daily oviposition rate was 4.9 (±0.07 se ) eggs per female. The parasitoid laid the same number of eggs as when released in poultry houses for the control of M. domestica . We conclude that M. raptor constitutes a promising biocontrol agent for the control of C. capitata in vineyards.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it