Characteristics of multiple sclerosis in the Middle East with special reference to the applicability of international guidelines to the region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have reviewed the clinical literature with reference to the local applicability of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Middle East. There is a substantial burden of MS in the region: the prevalence of the disease appears to have increased markedly in recent decades, with a faster rate of increase in female vs. male patients. The aetiology and presentation of MS appears to be broadly similar in the Middle East to that in other regions. Interferon-β is the most commonly used treatment for MS in the Middle East, as elsewhere, although it is unclear to what extent economic constraints act as a barrier to accessing this treatment. Similarly, limited available data suggest that the availability of MRI scanners appears to be lower in the Middle East than in more developed nations. Little is known concerning other potential barriers to treatment. There is a need for further research on aspects of management of MS beyond the pharmacological aspects of treatment to assess fully the potential barriers to the adoption of international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of the disease in the Middle East.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".