Iron line cooling of Be star circumstellar discs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate the effect of line cooling due to iron on the predicted temperature distributions in Be star circumstellar envelopes. This analysis is applied to the early-type Be star, γ Cas, and the late-type Be star, 1 Del, to assess the effect of line cooling due to metals in the circumstellar material over a range of spectral type. We find that iron, and by analogy other abundant metals, can play a role in the energetics of Be star discs by providing both heating from photoionization and cooling by the escape of collisionally excited spectral line radiation. The efficiency of the heating and cooling due to iron varies throughout the circumstellar disc and depends on local physical conditions. Overall, including iron at the solar abundance does not significantly change the volume or density-weighted average temperatures in either γ Cas or 1 Del from that predicted by a pure hydrogen envelope. However, with an increased iron abundance, to simulate the effect of adding other metals, the temperature variations become more pronounced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".