Obesity-associated improvements in metabolic profile through expansion of adipose tissue
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Abstract
Excess caloric intake can lead to insulin resistance. The underlying reasons are complex but likely related to ectopic lipid deposition in nonadipose tissue. We hypothesized that the inability to appropriately expand subcutaneous adipose tissue may be an underlying reason for insulin resistance and beta cell failure. Mice lacking leptin while overexpressing adiponectin showed normalized glucose and insulin levels and dramatically improved glucose as well as positively affected serum triglyceride levels. Therefore, modestly increasing the levels of circulating full-length adiponectin completely rescued the diabetic phenotype in ob/ob mice. They displayed increased expression of PPARgamma target genes and a reduction in macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue and systemic inflammation. As a result, the transgenic mice were morbidly obese, with significantly higher levels of adipose tissue than their ob/ob littermates, leading to an interesting dichotomy of increased fat mass associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity. Based on these data, we propose that adiponectin acts as a peripheral "starvation" signal promoting the storage of triglycerides preferentially in adipose tissue. As a consequence, reduced triglyceride levels in the liver and muscle convey improved systemic insulin sensitivity. These mice therefore represent what we believe is a novel model of morbid obesity associated with an improved metabolic profile.
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The record
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Topic
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- Université LavalCentre hospitalier de l'Université Laval
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthNational Cancer InstituteAmerican Diabetes AssociationAmerican Heart AssociationAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University
- Keywords
- Adipose tissueInternal medicineEndocrinologyInsulin resistanceAdiponectinLeptinMetabolic syndromeFGF21TriglycerideInsulinAdipose tissue macrophagesInflammationWhite adipose tissueObesityBiologyMedicineCholesterol
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes