Activation of brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by central sodium in Wistar rats
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Functional studies indicate that the sympathoexcitatory and pressor responses to an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Na+] by central infusion of Na+-rich artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in Wistar rats are mediated in the brain by mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation, ouabain-like compounds (OLC), and AT1-receptor stimulation. In the present study, we examined whether increasing CSF [Na+] by intracerebroventricular infusion of Na+-rich aCSF activates MR and thereby increases OLC and components of the renin-angiotensin system in the brain. Male Wistar rats received via osmotic minipump an intracerebroventricular infusion of aCSF or Na+-rich aCSF, in some groups combined with intracerebroventricular infusion of spironolactone (100 ng/h), antibody Fab fragments (to bind OLC), or as control gamma-globulins. After 2 wk of infusion, resting blood pressure and heart rate were recorded, OLC and aldosterone content in the hypothalamus were assessed by a specific ELISA or radioimmunoassay, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and AT1-receptor binding densities in various brain nuclei were measured by autoradiography using 125I-labeled 351 A and 125I-labeled ANG II. When compared with intracerebroventricular aCSF, intracerebroventricular Na+-rich aCSF increased CSF [Na+] by approximately 5 mmol/l, mean arterial pressure by approximately 20 mmHg, heart rate by approximately 65 beats/min, and hypothalamic content of OLC by 50% and of aldosterone by 33%. Intracerebroventricular spironolactone did not affect CSF [Na+] but blocked the Na+-rich aCSF-induced increases in blood pressure and heart rate and OLC content. Intracerebroventricular Na+-rich aCSF increased ACE and AT1-receptor-binding densities in several brain nuclei, and Fab fragments blocked these increases. These data indicate that in Wistar rats, a chronic increase in CSF [Na+] may increase hypothalamic aldosterone and activate CNS pathways involving MR, and OLC, leading to increases in AT1-receptor and ACE densities in brain areas involved in cardiovascular regulation and hypertension.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it