Frequency of oscillation of a cross-coupled CMOS VCO with resistor tail biasing
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a formula for predicting the frequency of oscillation of a cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The VCO was implemented in a CMOS 0.13 mum technology. The calculated frequency of operation shows a close agreement with the simulated results. The VCO operates at 10 GHz and consumes 490 muW from a IV supply. The simulated phase noise at a 1 MHz offset is -114.4 dBc/Hz resulting in a figure of merit (FOM) of -197.6 dB. The VCO can cover a 748 MHz frequency range and occupies 0.096 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of chip area. The simulated sensitivity of the frequency of operation and peak-to-peak amplitude due to temperature is 4.58 MHz/degC and 3.6 mV/degC, respectively. The sensitivity of the frequency of operation and peak-to-peak amplitude due to power supply is 1.1 GHz/V and 1.82 V/V, respectively.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it