Effect of annealing on carrier concentration in Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carrier concentration of phase change materials is a critical parameter that determines electrical resistivity in amorphous and crystalline states. To obtain insights into carrier concentration of amorphous and face centered cubic (fcc) crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5, the Seebeck coefficients of as-deposited and thermal annealed Ge2Sb2Te5 films were evaluated from thermopower measurements. All the samples show p-type conduction. The Seebeck coefficients of amorphous and fcc crystalline phase were +0.89 and +0.028 mV/K, which correspond to carrier concentrations of ∼1016 and ∼1020 cm−3, respectively. Carrier mobility was also estimated to be in the range 0.02–0.6 cm2/Vs in both amorphous and fcc crystalline phases. High contrast in electrical resistivity between amorphous and fcc crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 is originated from the difference of carrier concentration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".