The Effect of Natural Health Products and Traditional Medicines on the Activity of Human Hepatic Microsomal-Mediated Metabolism of Oseltamivir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Oseltamivir is a prodrug that requires metabolic activation but there is little information on whether natural health products interact to prevent the biotransformation by the carboxylesterase. METHODS: HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSD and fluorometric assays were used to determine if 50-pooled mixed gender human liver microsomes can mediate the formation of the active carboxylate metabolite and then if this reaction is affected by natural health products. RESULTS: Extracts from 6 traditional Cree botanicals, a commercially available Echinacea product, Goldenseal and a traditional Chinese medicine reduced the formation of the active drug. In addition to oseltamivir carboxylate we report the detection of two new metabolites which are derivatives of oseltamivir carboxylate, one of which is a metabonate formed as a result of methanol. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro studies would suggest that there is the potential for some natural health products used by patients in response to pandemic A/H1N1 to reduce drug efficacy. Further studies are required to determine if these potential interactions could be clinically significant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".