The Correlation Between Esophageal and Abdominal Pressures in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intrathoracic pressure in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery may be affected by intra-abdominal pressure during surgery. We investigated the relationship between intra-abdominal pressure (Pabd) and esophageal pressure (Pes) in mechanically ventilated patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: We prospectively studied 43 consenting patients over 18 y of age who were scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery with plans for intra-operative intubation and paralysis. After establishing a good level of inter-observer agreement on Pes measurements, Pes was measured by one observer for each patient using an esophageal catheter. Pabd and Pes were recorded before and after abdominal insufflation. We used regression analysis to model the relationship between Pabd and Pes. RESULTS: Patients' ages varied from 22 to 78 y, with a mean of 53.2 ± 14.6 y. Body mass index (BMI) varied from 13.7 to 60.5 kg/m2, with a mean of 33.7 ± 10.5. PEEP was 5-7 cm H2O for 19 patients and 0 cm H2O for the remainder. Most patients underwent gastric bypass surgery (n = 11); others underwent hernia repair (n = 9), colon resection (n = 7), cholecystectomy (n = 6), and various other surgeries (n = 10). Using univariate analyses, baseline Pabd was significantly correlated with baseline Pes (estimate of model coefficient [95% CI]: 0.79 [0.36-1.21], R2 = 0.24, P = .001), as was BMI (0.29 [0.19-0.40], R(2) = 0.41, P < .001). However, a multivariable analysis showed no significant correlation with baseline Pabd (0.10 [-0.46 to 0.65], P = .73), whereas BMI remained highly significant (0.27 [0.11-00.43], P = .001) with R2 = 0.40. Due to unexpected uniformity of abdominal inflation pressures (generally 20.4 cm H2O) during surgery, data were not amenable to assessment of correlation between changes in abdominal and esophageal pressures after inflation. CONCLUSION: There was a limited correlation between baseline Pes and Pabd in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery, suggesting a limited value of Pabd measurements in the management of mechanically ventilated patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".