The WAIS-III and Major Depression: Absence of VIQ/PIQ Differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poor Performance IQ (PIQ) relative to Verbal IQ (VIQ) is a standard finding in depressed patients administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). This study examined performance of depressed subjects on the instrument's latest revision, the WAIS-III, which provides a more detailed subdomain profile of intellectual functioning. WAIS-III IQ, index and subscale scores were compared between 121 unmedicated subjects in major depressive episode and 41 healthy volunteers, using demographically adjusted T-score conversions. Depressed subjects had significantly lower PIQ scores, but neither the absolute VIQ/PIQ difference nor prevalence of VIQ/PIQ discrepancies >1 SD differed between groups. Index score differences were exclusively in Processing Speed, and subtest differences only on timed tasks. WAIS-III scores did not differ between subjects with major depressive and bipolar disorders, nor between subjects with and without melancholia or history of suicidal behavior. Results suggest general intellectual performance in depression is best characterized by deficits in processing speed, rather than global nonverbal abilities, and that this deficit is consistent across depression subtypes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".