Stability criteria for a passive electrostatic non-relativistic charged particle storage device
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The general conditions are determined for stable multiple orbits of non-relativistic charged particles in a race-track-shaped optical system. These conditions are then considered in the context of an electrostatic storage ring consisting of two 180° hemispherical deflector analysers connected by two separate sets of cylindrical lenses. The race-track configuration of this type has already been constructed and demonstrated to achieve storage of low-energy (tens of electronvolts) electrons (Tessier et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 253201). Incorporating the aberrations of the energy-dispersive electrostatic prisms is found to modify and restrict the general stability conditions. This modified formal matrix theory and the results of charged particle simulations described in this study are in excellent agreement with the observed experimental operating conditions for this electron recycling spectrometer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".