Interleukin-6 release from human abdominal adipose cells is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone: effect of adipocyte differentiation and anatomic depot
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adipose cells are extrathyroidal targets of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6) release from adipocytes. We examined TSH responsiveness as a function of stage of differentiation or adipose tissue depot in cultured adipose cells and determined the effect of TSH on extrathyroidal IL-6 production in vivo. Stromal preadipocytes, isolated from human abdominal subcutaneous or omental adipose tissue, and their differentiated counterparts were studied. IL-6 protein concentration in the medium was measured after TSH stimulation. Basal IL-6 release was greater for preadipocytes than differentiated adipocytes, whether derived from subcutaneous or omental fat depots. A depot-dependent effect (omental > subcutaneous) on basal IL-6 release was observed for preadipocytes (1.6-fold, P < 0.05); a similar trend for differentiated adipocytes was not significant (6.2-fold, P > 0.05). IL-6 responsiveness to TSH was observed upon differentiation, but only for subcutaneous adipocytes (1.9-fold over basal, P < 0.001). To determine if TSH could stimulate IL-6 release from extrathyroidal tissues in vivo, we measured serum IL-6 levels from five thyroidectomized patients who received recombinant human (rh) TSH and found that levels increased by threefold on days 3 and 4 (P < 0.05) after its administration. Our data demonstrate that stage of differentiation and fat depot origin affect basal and TSH-stimulated IL-6 release from adipose cells in culture. Furthermore, rhTSH elevates serum IL-6 response in thyroidectomized patients, indicating an extrathyroidal site of TSH action.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".