Implications of movement patterns for gene flow in black rat snakes (<i>Elaphe obsoleta</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gene flow is fundamental to evolutionary processes but knowledge about movements of individuals and their offspring necessary for gene flow is scant. We investigated potential ecological components of genetic connectivity within a population of black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) by radio-tracking 82 individuals. Because adult black rat snakes are highly faithful to their hibernaculum, gene flow between hibernaculum populations has to occur through mating between members of different hibernacula or through juvenile dispersal. The present study was the first to assess the spatial dispersion of a complete network of hibernacula. The mean distance between the nearest-neighbour hibernacula was 811 m, which was less than the mean distances that reproductive males and females were found from their hibernacula during the mating season. Estimates of maximum distances individuals were from their hibernacula during the mating season indicated that, on average, a female was likely to mate with males that came from two hibernacula away from the female's own hibernaculum. Both males and females appeared to contribute actively to gene flow by moving more and increasing their distance from their hibernacula during the mating season. In addition, on average, females nested closer to a hibernaculum other than the one they attended, thereby potentially increasing the likelihood that their offspring would join hibernacula other than their mothers'. Thus, spatial and movement patterns of male and female black rat snakes are consistent with genetic evidence of extensive out-breeding among local hibernaculum populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".