Models of depressed hepatic mrp2 activity reveal bromosulphophthalein-sensitive passive K<sup>+</sup>flux
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bile acid independent flow composes up to 40% of hepatic bile secretory capacity. Apical (canalicular) efflux of non-bile-acid organic anions provides the major osmotic driving force for bile acid independent flow. Organic anion accumulation in the hepatocyte is accompanied by increases in both K+ conductance in isolated hepatocytes and passive K+ flux in the perfused rat liver, which are indicative of K+ channel activation. We used two models of disrupted canalicular anion transport to test whether organic anion stimulated K+ efflux occurs independently of anion excretion. In both wild type (wt) and mrp2 mutant (transport minus, tr-) rat liver, bromosulfophthalein (BSP; 0.5 mM) caused a reversible increase in K+ flux that (i) was outwardly directed with low external K+ and (ii) depended upon the electrochemical potential for K+. K+ efflux from wt livers of both sexes was about 1.5 times larger than that from tr- livers. Further, K+ release from female rat livers was about three times higher than that from male livers, independent of phenotype. Two transcripts of the rat hepatocyte K+ channel (Kir4.2) were expressed in hepatocytes of all rats. The results demonstrate that BSP stimulates basolateral (sinusoidal) K+ channels independently of its canalicular excretion, revealing an early event in BAIF and suggesting that Kir4.2 may mediate BSP-sensitive K+ flux.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".