Laminar Boundary-Layer Response to Spanwise Periodic Forcing by Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge Plasma-Actuator Arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An extensive parametric study of the response of a Blasius boundary layer to forcing by spanwise arrays of plasma actuators was performed. The actuator arrays are designed to produce streamwise-oriented vortex pairs, which cause streaks of alternating low and high streamwise velocity. This work is motivated by the closed-loop control of bypass transition. The streaks are measured using hot-wire anemometry over a streamwise distance of approximately 100 boundary-layer thicknesses. The resulting spanwise periodic disturbance velocity is decomposed into spanwise Fourier modes. Typically, at least 90% of the disturbance energy is contained within a mode related to the spanwise spacing of the exposed electrodes and its first three harmonics. Along the streamwise direction, the growth and decay characteristics of the disturbance are considered for various actuator geometries, as well as excitation voltages and frequencies for a freestream velocity of . The total disturbance energy is shown to scale with the actuator power consumption. Changes in the excitation voltage influence the energy distribution between Fourier modes due to the effect of voltage on the plasma extent and plasma-induced velocity, which changes the separation between vortices generated by the actuators. The induced disturbance is found to be most closely represented by a single Fourier mode when the electrode width is approximately one-third of the electrode spacing. For the other electrode width, significant energy appears at higher harmonics of the electrode spacing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".