Human lung density is not altered following normoxic and hypoxic moderate-intensity exercise: implications for transient edema
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on extravascular lung water as it may relate to pulmonary gas exchange. Ten male humans underwent measures of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) in two conditions: normoxia (N) and normobaric hypoxia of 15% O2 (H). Lung density was measured by quantified MRI before and 48.0 +/- 7.4 and 100.7 +/- 15.1 min following 60 min of cycling exercise in N (intensity = 61.6 +/- 9.5% Vo2 max) and 55.5 +/- 9.8 and 104.3 +/- 9.1 min following 60 min cycling exercise in H (intensity = 65.4 +/- 7.1% hypoxic Vo2 max), where Vo2 max = 65.0 +/- 7.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (N) and 54.1 +/- 7.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (H). Two subjects demonstrated mild exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) [minimum arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 min) = 94.5% and 93.8%], and seven subjects demonstrated moderate EIAH (SaO2 min = 91.4 +/- 1.1%) as measured noninvasively during the Vo2 max test in N. Mean lung densities, measured once preexercise and twice postexercise, were 0.177 +/- 0.019, 0.181 +/- 0.019, and 0.173 +/- 0.019 g/ml (N) and 0.178 +/- 0.021, 0.174 +/- 0.022, and 0.176 +/- 0.019 g/ml (H), respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in lung density following exercise in either condition or between conditions. Transient interstitial pulmonary edema did not occur following sustained steady-state cycling exercise in N or H, indicating that transient edema does not result from pulmonary capillary leakage during sustained submaximal exercise.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it