Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Familial Restless Legs Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder characterized by nocturnal motor restlessness accompanied by lower limb paresthesias usually alleviated by activity. 1 A dopaminergic dysfunction has been hypothesized. 1,2Several classes of drugs showed beneficial effects on RLS, and ferrum replacement may be effective in iron-deficient patients. 2ere, we present the case of three related patients suffering from RLS, successfully treated with hydroxyzine hydrochloride, an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties. CASE REPORTCase 1 is a 79-year-old woman who has been complaining of irresistible urge to move the legs at rest and at night, for eight years. 1 She reported that the urgency was alleviated only by the movement of the legs, so that every night she was forced to get up and walk all over the room.Her neurological examination was normal and the RLS rating scale score was 26. 3 In order to exclude ischemic involvement of the basal ganglia, a condition rarely associated with RLS, 4 we performed brain MR, which showed bilateral diffuse areas of hyperintensity of the cerebral white matter on T2-weighted images, and no lesions in the basal ganglia.The EMG with nerve conduction study was not significant.Slightly low ferritin was replaced after supplementation, but no changes on RLS symptoms were noted.Pramipexole (1.0mg salt three times/day for two months) and levodopa/carbidopa (200mg/50mg twice/day for two months) were subsequently prescribed with no effect on RLS.Gabapentin (300mg three times/day for approximately three months) and carbamazepine (200mg/day for three months) were useless and caused side effects: poor concentration and weakness; benzodiazepines, such as prazepam (20 mg/day for two months) and lorazepam (2.5mg/day for one month), were ineffective. 5ydroxyzine hydrochloride, at the dosage of 25 mg, was started, without remarkable side effects. 6Only slight disturbances in nocturnal sleep during the four-month therapy were reported (score 6 on the RLS scale) and the drug discontinuation was followed by the immediate recurrence of RLS symptoms.The paternal grandfather of Case 1 married, for a second time, a first-degree cousin and their daughters (Case 2 and Case 3) showed a clinical picture consisting of nocturnal walking urgency and tickling sensation of the legs.Case 2, a 65-year-old woman, did not show any remarkable diseases in her clinical history, except for primary insomnia.One year before our examination, she started complaining of two or three awakenings, due to motor restlessness and legs discomfort Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Familial Restless Legs Syndrome
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".